All about attention span

Attention span is one of those terms that we have all heard (and used!) a lot, and often we take it as a negative term by default. Terms like “attention deficit” are combined with “disorder”, and immediately we assume that having a short attention span is always bad and is always a problem to solve.

There is indeed much truth to that, but as with all complex topics, it’s not really all that simple. Let’s dig into the topic a bit more, and we’ll learn that having a short attention span is manageable if you use the techniques we’ll outline.

First, the formal definition of attention span: Attention span is the amount of time an individual can focus on a particular task or stimulus without becoming distracted.

Attention span is an important aspect of educational psychology, as it influences learners’ ability to learn and retain information effectively. It can vary greatly depending on factors such as age, interest in the task, cognitive abilities, and environmental factors.

Let’s see some typical attention spans by age range:

Age Group	Typical Attention Span
5 years old	10-15 minutes
6-8 years old	15-20 minutes
9-12 years old	20-30 minutes
13-18 years old	30-45 minutes
Adulthood	45-60 minutes

In this article, we will look at these topics:

• How attention span is measured
• Is a long attention span all good things?
• Is a short attention span bad?
• What sorts of tasks are most difficult to do with a short attention span?
• What are some strategies for a short-attention-span learner to be successful anyway?
• What causes a short attention span, and can our attention span actually become shorter?
• Can we lengthen our attention span?
• Settings for successful learning
• Do video games hurt or help attention span?

How attention span is measured

Given the typical attention span figures, it’s worth having a look to see how attention span is actually measured.

Psychology professionals use behavioral tasks, standardized tests, and self-report measures to measure attention span. Some common methods are:

• Continuous Performance Test (CPT): This test measures sustained attention by requiring participants to respond to specific target stimuli while ignoring non-target stimuli. Participants’ reaction times and accuracy are recorded to assess their attention span.
• Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA): The TOVA is a computer-based test that measures attention span, impulse control, and response time. It involves presenting visual and auditory stimuli, and participants must respond quickly and accurately to the target stimuli.
• Conners’ Continuous Auditory Test of Attention (Conners’ CATA): This test measures auditory attention and response control by asking participants to respond to target auditory stimuli while ignoring non-target stimuli. The test evaluates attention span by measuring reaction time, omission errors, and commission errors.
• Self-report measures: These include questionnaires and rating scales, such as the Attention-Related Cognitive Errors Scale (ARCES) or the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). These self-report measures require individuals to rate their attention-related behaviors and experiences, which can provide insights into their attention span.
• Observational methods: In some cases, psychologists may observe individuals in their natural environment or during specific tasks to assess their attention span. This can involve measuring the amount of time spent on a task before becoming distracted or the number of distractions required to disrupt focus.

Non-psychologists can also measure attention span (albeit less accurately) without the use of standardized tests or specialized training. Here are some ways you might accomplish this:

• Self-assessment: Individuals can reflect on their ability to concentrate on a task or activity without becoming distracted. They can consider factors like how often they lose focus, how long they can maintain attention, and their overall productivity during focused work.
• Time-tracking: By setting a timer during an activity and noting when distractions occur or when the task is no longer engaging, individuals can gain insight into their attention span. Repeating this process over multiple sessions can provide a better understanding of their average attention span.
• Monitoring engagement: Paying attention to when interest and focus wane during activities can help individuals recognize their attention span patterns. This can involve noticing which activities hold their attention longer, and under what conditions they can maintain focus.
• Peer or parent observation: Friends, family members, or teachers can observe an individual’s behavior during focused activities and provide feedback on their attention span. This can be especially helpful for children or adolescents, as adults can offer guidance and support in developing attention skills.

Of course, these methods will not be as precise as professional assessments, but they can still tell you about your attention span patterns and areas for improvement. Regular reflection and self-monitoring can help learners develop a better understanding of their attention span and work on strategies to improve it.

Is a long attention span all good things?

We only hear about having a long attention span being an absolute good thing, with no drawbacks. In defense of those with short attention spans, here are some drawbacks of having an attention span that’s too long:

• Difficulty adapting to change: People with a long attention span may struggle to shift focus or adapt to changing circumstances, as they tend to become deeply engrossed in tasks or activities.
• Overlooking important details (“Tunnel vision”): A long attention span can sometimes lead individuals to focus too much on a single aspect of a task, causing them to overlook other important details or ignore emerging issues.
• Inefficient multitasking: While multitasking is not always the most effective approach, there are situations that require juggling multiple tasks simultaneously. People with long attention spans may find it difficult to transition between tasks or manage multiple responsibilities at once.
• Potential social challenges: In social situations, it is often necessary to be able to switch attention between different topics or people. Individuals with long attention spans may struggle to engage in dynamic conversations or adapt to rapidly changing social contexts.
• Reduced creativity: Focusing too much on a single task or idea can sometimes limit creative thinking and the ability to generate new ideas or solutions.

It’s important to state that these potential drawbacks depend on the context and the individual’s ability to adapt their attention span as needed. The key is to strike a balance between maintaining focus and being able to adjust attention according to the demands of a specific situation.

Is a short attention span bad?

Let’s double check our assumption and what we have heard all these years: Is having a short attention span a bad thing?

Actually, having a short attention span is not inherently bad. A short attention span can pose challenges in certain situations, such as academic settings, work environments, or while learning new skills.

In some cases, a short attention span might indicate an underlying issue, such as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), stress, or sleep deprivation (more on all of these later). In these instances, addressing the root cause can improve attention span and overall well-being.

Having said that, a short attention span can actually help you in these ways (this is almost the exact opposite of the drawbacks of having a long attention span!):

• Adaptability: Individuals with a shorter attention span may be more adaptable to change, as they can quickly shift their focus from one task or topic to another.
• Multitasking: People with shorter attention spans might be more comfortable with multitasking, as they can rapidly switch between different tasks and manage several activities at once.
• Creativity: Those with a shorter attention span might be more prone to making novel connections between seemingly unrelated ideas or concepts, as their minds can quickly jump from one thought to another.
• Responsiveness to new stimuli: A short attention span can make individuals more responsive to new or unexpected stimuli, as they can quickly divert their attention to address the new situation.
• Exploration and curiosity: People with shorter attention spans may be more inclined to explore new ideas, topics, or experiences, as they are less likely to become fixated on a single subject for an extended period.

What sorts of tasks are most difficult to do with a short attention span?

Materials that are most difficult to learn for individuals with a short attention span typically share the following characteristics:

• Complex content: Subjects with intricate concepts or dense theories, such as advanced mathematics, physics, or philosophy, may be challenging due to the high cognitive demand and the need for sustained focus.
• Monotonous presentation: Learning materials that lack variety, such as long blocks of text or unengaging lectures, can be difficult to maintain attention on for extended periods.
• Abstract or unfamiliar concepts: Topics that are not easily relatable or are far removed from an individual’s everyday experiences can be more challenging to engage with and maintain focus on.
• Lack of immediate relevance: Content that doesn’t seem applicable or relevant to the individual’s personal interests or goals can be more challenging to focus on, as motivation plays a crucial role in attention span.
• High cognitive load: Materials that require the simultaneous processing of multiple pieces of information, such as learning a new language or programming, can be more difficult to grasp for those with short attention spans.

While these types of materials can be more challenging, it’s important to remember that individuals with short attention spans can still learn them. The key is to adapt learning strategies (more on these later) to the specific content, be patient, and remain persistent.

What are some strategies for a short-attention-span learner to be successful anyway?

Here are some strategies for minimizing the negativbe effects of a short attention span and learn as much as possible:

• Break tasks into smaller chunks: Dividing tasks into smaller, manageable parts can help maintain focus and make it easier to sustain attention.
• Use a timer: The Pomodoro Technique or other time management methods can help structure study sessions. Work for a set period, such as 25 minutes (or whatever is a good target for the learner and their age), followed by a short break. This approach can maximize focus during work periods while allowing for regular breaks to recharge.
• Minimize distractions: Create a conducive learning environment by removing potential distractions, such as mobile devices, clutter, or noise.
• Incorporate active learning techniques: Engage in activities like summarizing content, asking questions, or teaching the material to someone else. Active learning helps maintain attention and reinforces understanding.
• Vary learning methods: Incorporate different learning modalities, such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic, to maintain interest and cater to individual learning preferences.
• Take regular breaks: Short breaks between study sessions can help prevent mental fatigue and improve focus during work periods.
• Set specific goals: Establish clear, achievable goals to maintain motivation and direction during learning sessions.
• Seek support: Collaborate with peers, teachers, or tutors to create a supportive learning environment and stay accountable.
• Practice mindfulness: Incorporate mindfulness exercises, such as meditation or focused breathing, to help improve focus and attention over time.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and a balanced diet can have a positive impact on cognitive functioning and attention span.

By implementing these strategies and being persistent in their efforts, individuals with short attention spans can still become successful learners.

What causes a short attention span, and can our attention span actually become shorter?

We often hear that children grow out of their low attention span (given the table at the beginning of this article, age is correlated with longer attention spans), but can attention span become shorter over time?

The answer is yes, attention span can get shorter for people due to various factors. Some of the reasons that might lead to a decrease in attention span include:

• Aging: As people age, cognitive functions, including attention span, can decline. Older adults may experience difficulties in maintaining focus for extended periods.
• Stress: High levels of stress can negatively affect attention span, making it harder to concentrate on tasks and retain information.
• Anxiety disorders: Generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and other anxiety-related conditions can make it difficult for individuals to concentrate and maintain attention.
• Depression: Major depressive disorder and other forms of depression can cause difficulties with attention, concentration, and memory.
• Sleep deprivation: Lack of sleep can impair cognitive functions, including attention and focus. Sleep-deprived individuals often struggle to maintain attention for extended periods.
• Digital distractions: The constant use of smartphones, social media, and other digital devices can lead to a decrease in attention span, as people become accustomed to rapidly switching between tasks and stimuli.
• Substance use: The use of alcohol, drugs, or certain medications can impair cognitive function, including attention span.
• Traumatic brain injury (TBI): Brain injuries can lead to cognitive impairments, including difficulties with attention, memory, and executive function.
• Learning disabilities: Conditions such as dyslexia, dyscalculia, and nonverbal learning disorder can impact attention span and overall cognitive functioning.
• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD): Individuals with ASD may have difficulties with attention, particularly when it comes to shifting focus between tasks or stimuli.
• Neurodegenerative disorders: Conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease can result in cognitive decline, including reduced attention span and memory issues.
• Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): CFS can lead to persistent fatigue, which may negatively impact attention span and cognitive function.

That was surprisingly long list of causes of short attention span, we usually only hear of ADD and ADHD!

Can we lengthen our attention span?

We saw some coping mechanisms earlier on how to still learn with a short attention span, but it’s also good to see how to work to permanently increase attention span. So what can we do to lengthen attention span?

There are certain strategies that work best for each age group I mentioned, here they are:

• 5 years old:
  • Use engaging, age-appropriate activities that cater to the child’s interests.
  • Provide visual and auditory cues to support learning.
  • Encourage physical activity and play to support cognitive development.
  • Limit screen time and offer a variety of non-screen-based activities.
• 6-8 years old:
  • Use a mix of structured and unstructured activities to maintain interest.
  • Encourage collaborative learning and group activities.
  • Introduce mindfulness exercises, such as focused breathing or simple meditation.
  • Teach effective study habits and organizational skills.
• 9-12 years old:
  • Break tasks into smaller, manageable parts to maintain focus.
  • Introduce more advanced mindfulness techniques and stress management strategies.
  • Encourage regular physical activity and involvement in extracurricular activities.
  • Foster autonomy and self-regulation by setting goals and monitoring progress.
• 13-18 years old:
  • Teach advanced study techniques, such as the Pomodoro Technique and active listening.
  • Encourage time management and organizational skills.
  • Provide opportunities for real-world application and hands-on learning experiences.
  • Support the development of a growth mindset and resilience.
• Adult:
  • Prioritize regular physical activity and healthy sleep patterns.
  • Engage in lifelong learning and self-improvement activities.
  • Use technology mindfully and minimize digital distractions.
  • Practice stress management techniques, such as meditation and relaxation exercises.

Settings for successful learning

In addition to the strategies mentioned above., it’s interesting to see that the study setting can also help lengthen our study sessions’ attention span. Here we cannot make a general statement about recommended settings because people have different preferences, but we can list which aspects of your study setting to observe and adjust for optimal attention:

• Noise level: Some people require a quiet environment to concentrate and focus effectively, while others may need some background noise to feel comfortable and maintain their attention. Ambient noise or white noise can be helpful for some individuals, whereas complete silence works better for others.
• Lighting: The level and type of lighting can also impact attention span. Natural light is generally considered beneficial for focus and cognitive function. However, individual preferences may vary, and some may prefer dimmer environments, while others need bright lighting to concentrate.
• Temperature: Room temperature can influence attention span and overall comfort. A room that is too hot or too cold can be distracting and make it challenging to focus. The ideal temperature may vary for each person, but a comfortable range is typically between 68-72°F (20-22°C).
• Ergonomics: A comfortable and ergonomic workspace is essential for maintaining focus and preventing physical discomfort. Proper seating, desk height, and the arrangement of work materials can contribute to a more conducive environment for attention.
• Personalization: Some people may benefit from personalizing their workspace with items that provide inspiration or motivation, such as photos, quotes, or decorations. This can create a more comfortable and engaging environment, which may help improve attention span.
• Minimal distractions: Reducing potential distractions, such as unnecessary electronic devices, clutter, or interruptions, can help create an environment that supports better focus and attention.

It’s essential to experiment and determine the best environment for the learner’s unique needs. By identifying personal preferences and adjusting the workspace accordingly, one can create a setting that maximizes attention span and overall productivity.

Do video games hurt or help attention span?

So where do video games fit into this? Can they actually help lengthen attention span?

Yes, video games can help in lengthening attention span when used appropriately and in moderation.

Certain types of games can be particularly beneficial:

• Educational games: These games are designed to teach or reinforce specific skills, such as problem-solving, critical thinking, or memory. Educational games can maintain a player’s interest and attention, as they offer a fun and engaging way to learn.
• Puzzle games: Puzzle games, like Sudoku, Tetris, or crosswords, require sustained focus, mental flexibility, and problem-solving skills. By engaging in these activities, players can gradually develop their attention span.
• Strategy games: Real-time strategy or turn-based strategy games, like Civilization or StarCraft, require players to think critically, plan ahead, and adapt their strategies. These games can help improve attention span by encouraging players to focus on multiple aspects of the game simultaneously.
• Action games: Fast-paced action games, like first-person shooters or platformers, demand quick reflexes and sustained attention. While these games can help improve attention in the short term, it is essential to balance them with other activities that support cognitive development.

It’s important to note that the impact of video games on attention span can vary depending on the individual and the specific game. Additionally, excessive gaming can lead to negative outcomes, such as reduced academic performance or impaired social skills. It’s crucial to strike a balance between gaming and other activities to ensure a positive impact on attention span and overall cognitive health.

Conclusion

Whew! That was a lot of material about an important subject! Attention span directly affects learning and daily functioning. We saw that even short attention spans have their own benefits and can be managed effectively. Aging, stress, and digital distractions can shorten attention spans, but proactive measures can mitigate these effects. Creating an optimal learning environment and even using video games judiciously can enhance attention span.

Lastly, personalizing strategies to the individual and leveraging unique attention spans can improve learning and overall well-being.